Working Paper No. 39 "Norm-Taking, Norm-Faking, And Norm-Making: Russia And The International Election Observation Norm" critically addresses some of the existing theoretical gaps within constructivist norm research and proposes an analytical framework for capturing and analysing non-linear variation in states’ normative positioning.
Author Evgeniya Bakalova then examines the various stances Russia has been selectively adopting in the process of its internalisation, contestation and revision of the international election observation norm throughout 2000–2012. The analysis reveals that until recently Russia had been primarily adopting a ‘reformist’ rather than ‘revolutionary’ stance, – only episodically questioning the norm’s legitimacy and avoiding open violations –, and stresses the importance of non-material constraints on normative revisionism.
Download (pdf, 181kb): Bakalova, Evgeniya (2017): Norm-Taking, Norm-Faking, And Norm-Making: Russia And The International Election Observation Norm, PRIF Working Papers No. 39, Frankfurt/M.